Role of Communication Skills - 2037 Words

ROLE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN DAILY LIFE Communication:- â€Å"Communication is an act or process of giving or exchanging of ideas, Information, messages and knowledge by gesture, talk or writing.† Communication is the process of transmitting and receiving verbal and non- verbal messages. Communication is effective when message is conveyed and understood. Communication skills:- â€Å"Communication skills involve the human ability to convey one’s ideas, thoughts or messages in a proper and understandable way.† Modes of communication:- There are three modes of communication which are generally used: * Oral (verbal) * Writing *†¦show more content†¦So by this ability many of the misunderstandings can be uprooted. Self-Confidence:- Good communication gives self-esteem. People with effective communication skills are more confident, because they know that they can tell other people exactly what they need to, and they know that they understand those people better. Peaceful Environment:- Effective communication let our environment peaceful. Many of the rows occur due to the poor communication. If we are strong enough in communication then we can create a peaceful environment and have better relationships with our neighbors and relatives. Think better:- Good communication helps us to think better and in a broad way. If we are good enough in communication then we can think right in different manner and organize our thoughts. For instance, a person good in communication can have the ability to plan what, when and in which manner he has to communicate. Helps to get what we want:- Good communication helps you get what you need. If you can effectively communicate what you need or want, you are more likely to be successful in getting it. Effective communication also helps you to convince others to agree with you in a persuasive setting. Convince Others:- Communication skills help us to convince others. If we can effectively communicate, then peopleShow MoreRelatedRole Of A Military Contractor, Strong Communication Skills Essay2039 Words   |  9 PagesAs an employee of a military contractor, strong communication skills are not only vital in my line of business, but are considered the standard norm. Not only must I possess strong verbal and reading skills, I must also be able to write in a clear and concise manner that is dependent upon strong vocabulary skills. My role within my organization is that of a Compliance Advisor, ensuring all the Federal Regulations are accurately interpreted and in place prior to the shipment of our ballistic weaponsRead MoreThe Role Of Interpersonal Communication Skills For Development And The Process2009 Words   |  9 Pagesreport. Although Collaborative Communication Competence Scale (CCCS) could gave me the result of my communication problems, but it did not provide satisfactory understanding or clarify the reason why they thought that I needed to practice those skills. As Purhonen, Rouhiainen-Neunhà ¤userer and Valkonen (2010) explained that ‘this kind of measurement seemed to be influenced by the cultural, individual and relationships specific factors such as the variety of communication goals or shared experiences ofRead MoreDescribe the Main Employability, Personal and Communication Skills Required When Applying for a Specific Job Role1614 Words   |  7 Pagesand skills needed, and relationshi ps with other positions. 3. Person specification The skills that a job candidate must have in order to complete the tasks of a position offered by a company. A person specification can outline the educational requirements, training experience as well as more personal qualifications that a candidate must possess. The purpose of the Person Specification is to clearly define the evidence that is required of candidates to prove they are able to undertake the role, asRead MoreP2-Describe the Main Employability, Personal and Communication Skills Required When Applying for a Specific Job Role.1005 Words   |  5 PagesIn this task I will be describing the main employability, personal and communication skills required when applying for a customer assistant position at Tesco’s. The first quality an employer will look for in an applicant is the qualifications they have. Are the qualifications suitable? Have they got a satisfactory amount? Sometimes the qualifications don’t matter depending on the particular job, but most of the time, employers will only take on people who have sufficient qualifications. The qualificationsRead MoreA Research On Operative Communication Skills1374 Words   |  6 Pagesliteracy, both verbal and numerical, and communication skills.† This recommendation is one that I utilize in all areas of my life: professional, personal, private, and educational. Despite the conditions it is safe to say that operative communication skills are indispensable in any situation. There is no general agreement on what skills are essentially needed to guarantee successful communication, nor is there a definite way to regulate whether those skills are being refined. With that being saidRead Morehealth science937 Words   |  4 Pagesprof essionals require good communication skills in order to carry out their roles effectively. It is therefore important for those embarking on a career in health and social care that they gain knowledge and understanding of skills involved in communication. This unit will develop and enhance communication and interpersonal skills, and will consider communication theories. On completion of this unit a learner should: Understand effective communication and interpersonalRead MorePersonal Statement : My Self Assessment1509 Words   |  7 Pagesstrengths, abilities, skills and areas of improvement it made me wonder if all leaders have similar strengths and areas of improvement. For the project I thought I would look at someone who I considered a polar opposite to myself and begin to explore this notion of similarities and dissimilarities. The leader I chose was the infamous Jack Welch. This paper will explore my-self assessment, how that compares and contrasts with Jack. This paper will also take a closer look at Jack s skills and abilities andRead MoreRelevance of Communication and Teamwork in Midwifery903 Words   |  4 Pagesideally possess a number of skills so as to effectively execute their mandate. Amongst such skills, the relevance of communication and teamwork cannot be overstated. This is more so the case given the critical role midwives play as far as the provision of care to women, babi es as well as families is concerned. This text concerns itself with communication and teamwork as two graduate attributes necessary for success in the midwifery profession. The Relevance of Communication and Teamwork in Midwifery Read MoreCommunication: A Fundamental Part of the Early Childhood Teachers Role1725 Words   |  7 Pagesessay will discuss communication as being a fundamental part of the early childhood teacher’s role. Educators will communicate with many people during the course of their day. Developing positive relationships through open communication is a strategy that will benefit teachers, parents and most importantly, their students. Teachers must establish limits and expectations for students, not only in the classroom, but within individual lessons. Behaviour management is an essential skill that will be utilisedRead MoreSolution And Responding Alternative Dispute Resolution1655 Words   |  7 Pagesparticipate in a role-play. The role-play required myself and two other students to engage in the facilitative model of mediation. Facilitative mediation, which is also known as the problem-solving method, combines process interv ention with an integrative approach to bargaining, with the mediators being responsible for creating an optimal environment for negotiation. My role-play group consisted of three people, with one playing the role of mediator and myself and the other member playing the roles of the

Are Labor Unions in the U.S. Obsolete - 1306 Words

Are Labor Unions in the U.S. Obsolete? To understand the worth of today’s unions, we must first understand the history and purpose of these organizations. Simply put, a union is an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer. There are many types of unions. For instance, a craft union is one whose members do one type of work, often using specialized skills and training. An industrial union is one that includes many persons working in the same industry or company, regardless of jobs held. A federation is a group of autonomous national and international unions (Mathis 529). The main purpose of all these organizations is to secure benefits and rights in the workplace. The history of unions in the United States dates†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, employers don’t always have to hire their workers back. For instance, if they believe the union did not act in good faith, they may have the right to fire their workers. Few private employers can afford simultaneous 100 percent t urnover, even temporarily, so a strike threat encourages negotiations. Today, management holds more leverage knowing that many people cannot afford the risk of losing their jobs in such a competitive economy. So instead of negotiating labor issues, employees are satisfied with what is given to them. The rhetoric of solidarity has long obscured the reality of unionism: Unions drive up wages by pitting workers against workers, insiders against outsiders (Reason). Another challenge that has effected the growth of unions is the organizing of unions themselves. Institutional developments indicate that the U.S. labor movement has been slow to respond to the challenge of new private sector organizing (Bennett 466). There are committees and institutions that help the development of new unions, such as the Organizing Institute proposed by the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization (AFL-CIO). Unfortunately, many existing organizations are more concerned with satisfying current members rather than organizing new ones. As mentioned before, the declining union representation is largely effected byShow MoreRelatedCampaign Finance Reform and the Necessity of Democracy Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagescommittee(PAC) donations. „h Banning  ¡Ã‚ §soft money ¡Ã‚ ¨ donations. „h Spending limits on campaigns in exchange for free or reduced-price advertising. „h More public financing of campaigns Many Republicans favor: „h Prohibiting labor unions from spending compulsory union dues on political activities. „h Raising limits on individual donations. „h Restricting donations from PACs. Source: CNN.com Obviously there are some differences inRead MoreCold War Analysis1913 Words   |  8 PagesWith the presidential election of Donald Trump a year ago, there has been ongoing investigations of Russian interceptions in the 2016 president election. With Russian related news dominating the daily news cycle, the current political tension between U.S. and Russia is reflective of the Cold War sentiments a few decades ago. The Cold War was fundamentally a war between two ideologies: Democracy and Communism. The economic-political theory of Communism, or Marxism, proposed by Karl Marx and FriedrichRead MoreIn the Early Nineteenth Century Americans Sought to Resolve Their Political Disputes Through Compromise Yet by 1860 This No Longer Seemed Possible Analyze1063 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as the Antebellum Period. While the south generally clung to king cotton and slavery and thus remained essentially the same. This arose a manifold of controversies with how issues such as tariffs, sl avery, and land should be handled. Both the Union and the Confederacy tried to create compromises to resolve these problems, yet both sides were never completely satisfied no matter how hard they tried. This made it very close to impossible for them to completely put their differences at ease. Read MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesparties seem to agree on is that free trade has been bad for the U.S. worker. One candidate proclaimed that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has cost the United States hundreds of thousands of jobs and another distanced herself from free trade agreements all together. It has been over twenty years since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement and many have criticized it as a bad deal for the U.S. It can be shown that NAFTA was not the major cause of job lossRead MoreNorth American Free Trade Agreement Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesparties seem to agree on is that free trade has been bad for the U.S. worker. One candidate proclaimed that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has cost the United States hundreds of thousands of jobs and another distanced herself from free trade agreements all together. It has been over twenty years since the impleme ntation of the North American Free Trade Agreement and many have criticized it as a bad deal for the U.S. It can be shown that NAFTA was not the main cause of job lossRead MoreIndustrial Civilization Was A Tedious Transition For Both1964 Words   |  8 Pagesforced into unskilled labor positions during the industrial revolution. These poor conditions and new forms of labor led the way into the formation of trade unions and helped us get to where current unions stand today. The Industrial age started around the 18th century in England. Before this point most labor was controlled by workers. Industrialization spread through Europe, India, Japan, and into The United States. In the U.S. people were farmers, artisans, tradesmen, common labors and servants (KafmuanRead More Understanding the Importance of the American Civil War Essays1516 Words   |  7 Pagesand unconditional abolition of slavery emerged in the 1830s?They encountered massive opposition?by the Southern slaveholding interest?[and] encountered Northerners? fears that agitation to end slavery would almost certainly destabilize the fragile Union and could result in the liberation of millions of black slaves, who would then migrate northward.? From this quote one can already see two key elements: the idea of slavery as an institutional wrong, and the racism on the part of Northerners. ThisRead MoreCorporate Overview Of The Automotive Industry1548 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world and you will f ind that cars are a commodity around every corner. For example, Beijing has 63 cars per 100 household (Yang, 2015), Sydney has 0.76 cars per household (The City at a Glance, 2017), and in the U.S in 2013 there were 1.8 cars per household (Car Ownership in U.S Cities, 2013). The geographic presence of the automotive industry reaches almost every corner of the world where human civilization is present. Refer to Appendix, Image 1 Pew Research Center Percentage of households thatRead MoreSlavery In The River Of Dark Dreams By Walter Johnson1745 Words   |  7 Pagesmachines. All who failed to meet their daily quota were subject to lashings from the plantation overseer, even pregnant women. It was this kind of inhumane, novel violence that pioneered American capitalism, for the strict regulation of the slave’s labor and the obsessive calculations used to predict the amount of output per hand spearheaded advances in accounting and finance (Johnson 153). Slavery generated a significant portion of America’s wealth during the 19th century. In fact, to handle the massRead MoreEssay Cold War Presidents1736 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided economic assistance for veterans, and while this addition to the already present flood of consumer demand ensured that there would be no new depression, it did contribute to more than two years of serious inflation. Truman also had to deal with labor unrest, and when the United Mine Workers went on strike in 1946, and he threatened to use the army the trains, and effectively pressure the workers back to work after only a few days. And through all of his unpopularity, Truman was still persistent

Structure of the TV and Video Industry free essay sample

This essay will focus on the structure of the channels the BBC and ITV, which will give the reader an understanding of the structure of the television and video industry in the UK. This essay will be split up into three parts; the details of ownership and income, systems and technologies, and their regulations as well as discussing the success of both companies. Details of Ownership and Income In the television sector, there are one of two types of broadcasters; commercial and public service broadcasters. A public service broadcaster is a non-profit public television network. An example of this sort of TV channel would be the BBC which is run by John Reith and George Villiers. The service is viewed widely through the UK and is paid for through the TV licence fees making it a national company, but it is also broadcasts in some other countries. The fee is paid for by every household that has a television. All the money which is generated goes straight to the company and is put forward into bettering their service of entertainment. They also generate money through merchandise, DVD and programme sales on their online shop. Public service broadcasters have a duty to show certain things on their channels as they are put in place for all of the public. Their remit is to entertain and inform the audience as well as educate them. This compares to commercial broadcasters which are independent and have no duty except to entertain, even if the shows they choose to air have no beneficial effect on their audience. Commercial broadcasters are independent broadcasting companies that rely on advertising slots on their channel for profit, unlike public service broadcasters which rely on TV Licence fees. They do not often air educational TV shows as they know a lot of the public are interested in being entertained, rather than learning. The public will often choose watch shows which do not require them to think too hard, but to just sit back and relax. ITV is a prime example of a commercial broadcaster and is owned by numerous different companies such as ITV Public Limited Television, STV Group PLC, UTV Media and ITV1 Channel Television. It is a national company as it is aired only in the UK and relies on advertising for most of its revenue, although it does generate money through merchandising, programme sales and DVD sales on their online shop. They sell numerous different products such as series box sets of shows they have aired and even gift items such as coffee mugs and calendars. They air a number of very successful entertaining shows such as I’m a Celebrity: Get Me Out Of Here, The X Factor and Britain’s Got Talent. All three of these programmes have made huge sums of money for the channel. The way they earn money through these shows is by the advertising slots in between the programmes. For example, this is how it would work. In order to air a specific show, ITV have an agreement with SycoTV which is the company behind the programs The X Factor and Britain’s Got Talent to air their programmes. Advertisers approach ITV and buy out advertising slots in order to reach their preferred target audience and this generates a large amount of advertising revenue for the channel. It is said that ITV had made around ? 75 million revenue through advertising during the X Factor as well as the live show phone-ins last year (Source). Britains Got Talent has also been said to be bringing in huge sums of money for the channel, for example last year in the final a 30 second ad spot had cost around ? 120,000(Source). I’m A Celebrity is also a huge hit with the public which is proven by the figures. Since first launching in 2002 up until 2009 ITV has made around ? 170 million pounds in global revenue (Source). Television changed a great deal in 1990 when the Conservative Government passed the 1990 Broadcasting Act which led to the 5th analogue channel in the UK (Channel 5) and the growth of multi channel satellite television. The act also stated the BBC needed to buy in at least 25% of its output from independent production companies instead of making all of its output in house. This act enabled BSkyB to grow in Great Britain. The Act has split opinion in Britain. Some see it as a massive expansion in choice but some see it as a big dumbing down of programmes and say that technical standards and other standards are no longer monitored and enforced so strongly. It has certainly enabled Rupert Murdoch’s company News Corporation to grow massively in terms of horizontal integration – the increase of the market share eg. News corporation taking over MySpace, although his company was stopped from expanding further in Great Britain by the white paper of 1995 which stopped them from buying Channel 5. Systems and Technologies Broadcasting in the UK is quite complex as many broadcasters have different ways of transmitting their channels. The first five channels of British television (BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV, Channel 4 and FIVE) are available to any home in the UK as analogue channels, as long as they pay their licence fee. Analogue TV is slowly dying out and will officially be stopped transmitting in 2012 since the introduction of more modernised means of receiving channels has been developed. There are advantages as well as disadvantages due to the fact that it will be shut off soon. Firstly, it will benefit the UK economy as a whole by convincing people to turn to options such as digital, satellite and cable TV which all cost money in comparison to free-to-vie analogue. It will also increase digital terrestrial television (DTT) reception in areas all over the UK that were unable to reach signals before due to spectrum. limitations. It will then offer more space as analogue takes up about a third of the spectrum which can also be used to increase signal reach in some areas and also make room for new services too. As well as this, it will give viewers a wider variety of channels to watch and reduce costs for broadcasters that would have had to pay more to transmit services in both formats. The downsides of the switching off analogue will mostly affect homes in the UK as they will be the people who will have to start paying for different means of watching TV. As well as affecting domestic settings, they will also be affecting non-domestic settings such as hospital’s and TV rental businesses who rely on analogue TV. Having to make the switch from analogue to digital will be difficult in hospitals as they will not only need new TV sets, but will also have to pay for new Freeview TV set top boxes for their patients. It also means that TV rental businesses will not be able to provide analogue TV’s anymore as they will have no use, cutting back their income. As well as this, some areas may even need new roof top aerials installed, totalling up to a large sum of money to make the switch. As Digital televisions such as Freeview offer a handful of more channels, but require a one off payment. There is also satellite which is currently the most popular type of TV broadcasting, with services such as Sky (BSkyB). They require a monthly subscription service and use communication satellites in space to transmit the channels to Sky set top boxes. This makes their services much more reliable compared to digital and analogue, but also has its own downside. As the signals are received from space, bad weather in certain areas can interrupt signals. This is where cable television would be useful as its service relies on radio frequency signals that are transmitted through fixed optical fibres or coaxial wires meaning that a reliable signal is expected. The BBC is transmitted through all types of television from analogue, digital, satellite and cable. It is yet to be fully digital as this change will happen in 2012 when the digital switchover from analogue will take place. The BBC is also broadcast to the internet on ‘BBCiPlayer’ which is basically a sort of catch-up on all the programmes the BBC have shown in the past 6 days, excluding programmes shown earlier on in the current day, but do offer the public a live service which allows them to view what is currently on air. As well as allowing the public to see television programmes, they even include recent radio programmes. As the internet is now available on a range of different devices, from mobile phones to games consoles as well as laptops and computers, this means that their services will now reach a wider audience, creating a beneficial effect for the BBC as a public service as they are attainable almost anywhere. ITV is much like the BBC as it is also broadcast to all types of television, but features one more type which is Internet Protocol Television. IPTV is different from systems such as analogue, digital, satellite and cable as it relies on an internet connection to stream TV channels, details of which can be found on IPTV’s website (Source). It is also not fully digital yet, but eventually will be in the digital switchover. Just like the BBC, it is also streamed online through its own website and video player, ‘ITVplayer’. Unlike the BBC, it streams programmes from the company that have been on in the past week including programmes that are currently on air and that were on earlier, helping the company reach a wider audience in the hope of attracting more advertisers which will in turn generate more profit for the company. Regulations Regulations are legal guidelines created by an authority to help make sure the things that the public are exposed to through the media industry are not offensive or cause any sort of harm to them. They are important because without them, the public would not have anyone stand up for their rights. They are two different television regulators in the UK, The ASA and Ofcom. The Advertising Standards Authority is responsible for regulating adverts. Their role is to ensure that advertisements released are legal, decent, honest and truthful by complying with their Advertising Code. Their role is important when it comes to advertising as the UK’s economy gains huge sums of money in terms of advertising revenue, gaining over ? 20 billion in 2010 alone. Advertisers are created to persuade us to buy a product or service. Giving this much power to big companies who will try to manipulate our thoughts needs to be regulated as it would be unethical for people, especially vulnerable to be manipulated. The ASA has helped ban a number of adverts that may have caused certain issues for example, the XBOX 360 advert ‘Standoff’. In the advert, we see a man walking through what seems to be a busy train station and then making eye contact with a business man coming towards him. They walk past each other but turn back to keep eye contact and face one another. Both imitate guns with their hands and point them at each other, causing the business man’s friend to hold his hand up in a gun-like position towards their ‘opponent’, which in turn makes someone else point the gun at his friend ending up with everyone holding their hands up as guns pointed at someone else. The man acts as if he’d just fired a gun saying â€Å"bang† aloud, causing the whole of the train station to start ‘firing’ at one another and people acting as if they’d been shot and falling to the ground, ending with their slogan â€Å"Jump In†. Looking at the ASA’s Advertising Codes (Source), in my opinion this advertisement was banned due to not complying with section 4. 4: ‘Advertisements must not include material that is likely to condone or encourage behaviour that prejudices health and safety. ’ The way in which Windows, the company behind XBOX Live, has failed to meet this requirement is by suggesting that it is acceptable to go outside and randomly start shooting at people. The only difference between the real world and the game world is that in the game world, you have the ability to come back to life if you were shot with a gun, whereas in reality if someone were to get hold of a gun and shoot you, the chances of you actually surviving would be pretty slim. The advertisers have not taken into consideration public safety which would be at risk if some people were to take this advertisement a little too seriously and bring real guns into the equation. I believe the ASA were right to ban this advertisement as I fully agree that it could lead to violence. Another example of an advertisement not meeting the ASA’s requirements is ‘The Cut’ which is an appeal for charity Women’s Aid. In the advert, we see Keira Knightly leaving a movie set on her way home late at night. She seems to be in a good mood up until we see her in the car, wiping off all off her make-up then reaching her home and stepping out the car. Looking up at the balcony, we can see a mysterious male figure. She goes upstairs and walks into her apartment, looking for her partner. A mirror is broken and there is blood on the floor. He walks into the room and she notices his hand and hands him a towel, but he throws it back in her face. She then says â€Å"Sorry, we didn’t agree to that. It wasn’t on the script† Her partner then abruptly punches her in the face and she falls to the ground. He then grabs her by the hair and starts to kick her in the stomach repeatedly as it zooms out from what we now see is a movie set with train tracks leading out. This did not meet the Advertising Code as it fails to comply with the ASA regulations in Section 16 (Source): â€Å"These rules are intended to prevent the abuse of people’s charitable impulses. Charity advertisements or advertisements that feature charities should treat with care and digression any subjects likely to arouse strong emotions. Although audiences are generally more tolerant of potentially distressing treatments when the objectives of an advertisement are charitable, sensitivity is nevertheless required especially in relation to younger audiences. † ASA Section 16 This advertisement did have a powerful message to convey about the importance of how domestic violence is becoming a big issue in the UK, but the way in which they had shown it was not sensitive towards the audience. The way the man had physically abused the actress, as well as the way it was shown was very graphic in a sense that many people are not used to seeing such violent behaviour, making them feel uneasy at seeing this advert. This would be the case particularly for anyone seeing the advert who had experienced any kind of violence. This advertisement was banned from airing on British television, but can still be viewed online on major video streaming websites such as YouTube. Again, I feel the ASA were right to ban this advert as the subject was not treated with enough sensitivity. Ofcom is the British communications regulator. They are responsible for regulating the content of TV programmes and radio shows as well as fixed line telecoms, mobiles and the airwaves in which wireless devices operate. They were created to make sure that the public can obtain the best from their communications services and are protected from unsuitable material that may harm, offend or persuade people to commit certain crimes or do certain things in a way television might. It is funded through the fees that media companies must pay if they are fined by Ofcom, and is also has government aid through a grant-in-aid. They are accountable to parliament and have the authority to enforce the regulation laws for television and radio programmes. An example of when Ofcom has had to investigate a complaint large number of complaints was during the 2010 X Factor final which was shown on ITV. In the live episode, ITV showed Rihanna dressed in incredibly short, tight shorts and a bra-like top. Furthermore the dance moves she performed were fairly sexual for public viewing before the watershed. Ofcom received over 1,000 complaints for the final causing an investigation to begin. In the end, Ofcom had came to the conclusion that ITV were not in breach of their codes, but because of the high number of complaints, Ofcom created new guidelines for broadcasters which outlined that they needed them to be more careful when to showing live content such music videos before the 9PM watershed as children and teenagers would be watching. (Source). In conclusion, I believe that both the BBC and ITV are effective broadcasters as they cater to the needs of their audiences well through delivering pure entertainment on ITV, and also airing informative and educational shows on the BBC. However, in my opinion the BBC is the better broadcaster as they regularly stick to their regulators rules and also cater to such a wide audience, unlike ITV who mainly seem to care about a mainstream audience because of their needs in terms of their advertisers. This was shown when they had not taken into consideration their younger audiences of the X Factor by exposing them to inappropriate things that they should not be subjected to due to the watershed. I think they did not consider their younger viewers sensitivity but considered only the popularity of the artist they were showing in order to pull in the largest possible audience thereby bringing in advertising revenue. I will still watch both channels, but I will mainly stick to the BBC as I feel I can trust them more now, knowing that they actually are regulated as a public service broadcaster by a board of governors to care about their viewing audience. I have learnt quite a lot of useful information whilst undertaking research for this analysis, such as how systems and technologies work, the main regulators of our TV media content and advertising as well as understanding the ownerships of these broadcasters and how they gain their income, giving me an insight into why they choose to air certain programmes and such. GRADE AWARDED D1: To comprehensively explain the structure of the television and video industry with elucidated examples and consistently using subject terminology correctly D1: learners will talk about the structure of the television and video industry in such a way as to show how why it is structured the way it is. Learners will develop ideas critically (ie, compare, assess and discriminate) and draw out of an example precisely what it is about it that exemplifies the point it illustrates. For example, using the BBC as a case study, a learner might explain, how it is structured in terms of its role as a public service provider, giving examples of how the broadcaster conforms to its public service remit to ‘educate, inform and entertain,’ and fully explaining how these examples illustrate the public service remit in operation. The learner might then also explore how the BBC is constrained by regulation and is pressured by increasing competition from the commercial sector. Learners will explain the differences between methods of funding with clear reference to the Broadcasting Act 1990. They will explain the regulation of the industry with reference to detailed illustrative examples of self-regulation in action and cases where the external regulators have intervened, elucidating these examples in such a way as to clearly show how they demonstrate the regulation of the industry.

Who Defines Normality and Abnormality free essay sample

Who defines the concepts of normality and abnormality? When we look around at the people that surround us, we expect to see a person with two eyes, two ears, hair, nose, mouth, bones, etc. This, In our minds, Is a picture of a normal human being. The food we eat, the places we go to, the person we marry, and the culture we live in, defines what Is normal from our point of view. Today there are various definitions that are used by psychologists and people In general for defining abnormal and normal behavior.Of course, these definitions are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Social norm violation: Breaking social rules. Most of our behavior Is shaped by social norms Imposed by the society we live In. There are some cultural expectations about the right and wrong way to do things. Someone who frequently violates these unwritten rules is seen as abnormal. This is a very powerful and persuasive definition. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Defines Normality and Abnormality? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is seemingly common-sense. Norms are so deeply ingrained they seem absolute. In addition, even in a single society such as Romania. Here are a multitude of subcultures. Add to this the fact that norms change through the years so that whats normative in one generation, may not be in another. We are left with a single society where there are no clear norms that apply across all individuals. This definitional stance implies that normality is the same as conformity to the mainstream, when in fact there are many streams. The term abnormality thus loses any firm referent. It is worth mentioning that the definition of normal and abnormal is culturally based.Obviously, social norms vary from one cultural to another. L. Real life situation: female circumcision The first real life situation we will debate on is female circumcision. Nowadays we have liberated ourselves from the restrictions of the morality in the past. When trying to define concepts such as normality and abnormality we must be aware of the little nuances that these defenseless might Imply. Unconventional, non- conformist, bizarre or even weird also suggest a deviation from what we consider to be normal, but It does not go Into the other extreme.Who Defines Normality and Abnormality? By savage with two eyes, two ears, hair, nose, mouth, bones, etc. This, in our minds, is a picture and the culture we live in, defines what is normal from our point of view. Today there are various definitions that are used by psychologists and people in general for our behavior is shaped by social norms imposed by the society we live in. There are of the little nuances that these definitions might imply. Unconventional, non- be normal, but it does not go into the other extreme.

The History of American Slang Essays

The History of American Slang Essays The History of American Slang Essay The History of American Slang Essay When thinking of American slang, you may think that is just something that youth have made up to make themselves sound cool when they speak. This is not the case. Slang has been used in America since the late 1800’s. It is defined as â€Å"a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people.† A lot of slang that was used back then is still used today. I will give just a brief overview of popular slang that has been used over the last century. By the 18th century, the differences between American English and other English speaking countries began the evolution of slang. For a while, any word not used in Britain was considered slang. As early as 1870, slang was prominent in the early years of the United States. The word â€Å"bad† has been used to mean â€Å"good† and â€Å"dude† to refer to a guy, for example, were some of the first slang to be used among Americans. Each decade has originated its own slang that has stood out from the decade prior. Here are a few common slang words and expressions from recent decades. From the 1950’s, â€Å"boo boo† to mean a mistake, â€Å"garbage† to mean nonsense and â€Å"hot† to describe someone attractive were commonly used. In the 1960’s, the terms â€Å"far out† meaning amazing, using â€Å"hassle† instead of annoy and getting good â€Å"vibes†, or feelings, were popular. The 1970’s originated words such as â€Å"bogus† to replace unfair, â€Å"gross† to mean something disgusting and â€Å"no brainer, to describe an easy problem. From the 1980’s, 1990’s, and 2000’s there were quite a few phrases originated that are still prominent in today’s society. For example; using â€Å"crib† instead of house, â€Å"bling† for jewelry or glitter, â€Å"hood† to describe a juvenile delinquent and â€Å"buzz†, referring to someone shaving their head. Most rec

Family-Related Vocabulary for English-Language Learners

Family-Related Vocabulary for English-Language Learners One of the most important categories of words for English learners to master is the group that includes family-related terms. Family members are likely the people that students interact with early in life and most often. Explain to students that the words and phrases below are used when talking about family and relationships. Each word is categorized and is used in an example sentence to provide  context for understanding. Families Learning words that describe family members  is  must for students who want to master English.  The table gives the word for the family member on the left, and a sample sentence using that term on the right. To make it easy to find just the term you want, the family-related words are presented in alphabetical order. Family-Related Word Example Sentence aunt My aunt tells me funny stories about my mothers youth. brother My brother is very competitive. cousin My cousin left for college last year. daughter She has one daughter and one son. father My father spent a lot of time on the road for work. grandchild That 90-year-old woman has 20 grandchildren! granddaughter / son His granddaughter gave him a birthday card with a bunny. grandfather / mother Do you remember your grandmothers and grandfathers? great-grandchild She has four great-grandchildren and is very happy to be alive and to have met them all! husband She sometimes argues with her husband, but thats normal in every marriage. ex-husband She had to divorce her ex-husband because he cheated on her. in-laws Many people dont get along with their in-laws. Others are happy to have a new family! son-in-law, daughter-in-law Her daughter-in-law told her to mind her own business. mother Mother knows best, or at least thats what my mother always said. niece His niece works in a shop in Seattle selling eyewear. nephew I have a nephew who lives in town. Its nice to have lunch every once in a while. parents All of us have two biological parents. Some people grow up with adopted parents. sister His sister drove him crazy with her constant complaining about the parents. son Many people say that sons are harder to raise than daughters because they cause more trouble. stepfather, stepmother She gets along wither her stepfather, but she prefers to not call him Dad. stepdaughter, stepson If you marry him, youll have two stepdaughters and one stepson. twin Its amazing how similar some twins are. They look, act, and talk alike. uncle My uncle lives in Texas. Hes nothing like my father. widow She became a widow 20 years ago and never remarried. widower The widower is very sad because hes all alone now. wife My wife is the most amazing woman in the world because she puts up with me. ex-wife His ex-wife took all his money. Marital Relationships Marriage brings change. Tell students that these words describe the state of relationships: Divorced: Jennifer is divorced, but shes happy to be single again.Engaged: Helen is engaged to be married next June. Shes making plans for the wedding.Married: Ive been married for over 25 years. I consider myself lucky.Separated: In many countries, couples must be separated for more than a year in order to divorce.Single: Hes a single man living in New York.Widowed: Hank became widowed last year. He hasnt been the same since. Becoming Family These verbs describe the process of becoming family: Get divorced (from):  My husband and I got divorced three years ago. Now, were best friends, but we know our marriage was a mistake.Get engaged (to): I got engaged to my wife after just two months of dating.Get married (to): Were planning on getting married in May.Marry someone: She married Tom 50 years ago today. Happy anniversary!Start / end a relationship with someone: I think we should end our relationship. Were not happy with each other. Family Vocabulary Quiz Use the context of each sentence to help your students find an appropriate family-related word to fill in the gaps. The answers are provided below. My father has a brother and a ______, so that means I have one _____ and one aunt on my fathers side of the family.Someday, I hope to have a lot of ______. Of course, that means that the children of my children need to have more children!After five years of marriage, they decided to get _____ because they couldnt get along with each other.  Upon her husbands death, she became a _____ and never married again.  My mother remarried last year. Now, Im the _____ of my stepfather.Peters _____, but he would like to get married and have children one day.  We started our ______ in Germany after we had met at an English-language school.  My _____ looks exactly like me, but I was born 30 minutes before she was.  He has an excellent relationship with his _____. They still celebrate holidays together with their children despite their divorce.Im ______ to be married in June! I cant wait! Answers: sister / unclegreat-grandchildrendivorcedwidowstepdaughter or stepsonsinglerelationshiptwinex-wifeengaged To continue practicing family-related vocabulary, create a  family relationships lesson plan  to further your students knowledge of this important vocabulary.

National Cholesterol Education Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Cholesterol Education Program - Essay Example Additional factors include age, a family history of heart disease, and being male. The risk of heart disease is the main reason why cholesterol level alertness is required. Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) or coronary heart disease (CHD), is defined as any disorder, which impairs the normal functioning of the heart (Gandelman, 2006). Such disorders include arrhythmias, heart attack (myocardial infarction), and the various kinds of cardiomyopathy and angina. According to Barrett (2006), heart attack is ranked one among the most common causes of death in the United States and stroke is a close third. Epidemiological surveys demonstrated that there is a continuous correlation between CHD risk and serum total cholesterol levels over a broad range of cholesterol values (Grundy et al., 2004). High-risk and very high-risk people are individuals who have over 20% chance of heart attack within ten years (Barrett, 2006). The 2004 ATP III guideline regarding the said individuals state that drug therapy should be definite at 130 mg/dL (milligram per deciliter) cholesterol levels and it should be optional between 100 to 129 mg/dL levels (Barrett, 2006). This was a major change from the 2001 recommendation. Now, the goal for LDL-lowering therapy for all high-risk patients is a LDL-C level of less than 100 mg/dL (Grundy et al., 2004). According ... The ATP reports identified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as the main target of cholesterol-lowering therapy since "Many prospective studies have shown that the high serum concentrations of LDL-C is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD)" (Grundy et al., 2004). Cholesterol-lowering therapy involves statins and some clinical trials that tested the efficiency and effectiveness of these drugs are as follows. In a Heart Protection Study (HPS) conducted in the United Kingdom involving 20 536 adults, aged 40 to 80 years and at high risk for a CVD event, the patients were randomly allocated to 40 mg simvastatin or placebo daily (Grundy et al., 2004). The results demonstrated that in patients treated with simvastatin, all-cause mortality was significantly reduced by 13%. Moreover, "Major vascular events were reduced by 24%, coronary death rate by 18%, nonfatal myocardial infarction + coronary death by 27%, nonfatal or fatal stroke by 25%, and cardiovascular revascularization by 24%" (Grundy et al., 2004). On the other hand, the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) examined the efficacy of pravastatin treatment in older people with or at high risk of developing CVD and stroke. A total of 5804 subjects aged 70 to 82 years, with history of vascular disease or CVD risk factors, were randomly assigned pravastatin or placebo treatment. The follow-up averaged 3.2 years. Results showed that baseline total cholesterol ranged from 150 mg/dL to 350 mg/dL and prasvatatin reduced LDL-C levels by 34%. Major coronary events such as nonfatal myocardial infarction and CHD death fell by 19% whereas CHD mortality fell by 24%. The authors of PROSPER concluded that statin therapy can be extended to

Benefits of Mentoring Programs in Schools Research Paper

Benefits of Mentoring Programs in Schools - Research Paper Example This has an overall effect of simplifying the staff’s duty of establishing and monitoring relationships among children in elementary schools (Rose 1). Moreover, mentoring programs in the elementary schools allows mentors to advocate on the children’s behalf since they understand them (Rhodes 1). Mentoring programs influence the status of the children by deriving an understanding on the mentee and enhancing social standing (Rhodes 1). These programs also foster academic focus by presenting academic issues to the forefront and offer a natural context for mentors to address school and learning issues (Rhodes 2). Moreover, most mentors in the mentoring programs in the elementary schools cannot volunteer their services outside the school context. As such, these programs attract mentors who cannot offer their services in community-based programs hence maximizing this exclusive potential (Rhodes 2). Such mentors are minority volunteers who have considerable knowledge and skills on mentorship. This benefits the children and the administration of the elementary schools since they benefit from this potential. Furthermore, it is clear that sourcing and screening mentors for school-based programs is much easier than sourcing mentors for community-based programs (Rhodes 2). As such, the se programs allow for the spreading of mentorship wealth in elementary schools. The mentoring programs in the elementary schools are equally flexible since they accommodate cross-gender matches (Rhodes 2). Indeed, these programs have more mentors coming from all genders where both males and females render their services to children. Indeed, these programs reach more children than the community-based programs thus helping children who cannot access community-based mentorship program, which depicts their ability to reach higher-risk children and families (Rhodes 2). At the same time, mentoring programs in the elementary schools attract more

Some advantages and disadvantages of a questionnaire Essay Example for Free

Some advantages and disadvantages of a questionnaire Essay All lecturers come in contact with questionnaires whether it is the standard end of year course questionnaire or one that is used in research. These questionnaires come in many different forms from: factual to opinion based, from tick boxes to free text responses. Whatever their form, questionnaires are often viewed as quick and easy to do. This is not always the case. To get useful responses, in a cost-effective way, it is important to be clear about the aim of the questionnaire and how the responses will help you improve the learning technology or its implementation. Think also about the analysis of results. It can be sobering to consider the amount of data you will generate and the time it will take to analyse. Some advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires follow. Notes on how to deal with some of the disadvantages are also provided, as are some references to more comprehensive information on questionnaires. Some disadvantages of questionnaires: Questionnaires, like many evaluation methods occur after the event, so participants may forget important issues. Questionnaires are standardised so it is not possible to explain any points in the questions that participants might misinterpret. This could be partially solved by piloting the questions on a small group of students or at least friends and colleagues. It is advisable to do this anyway. Open-ended questions can generate large amounts of data that can take a long time to process and analyse. One way of limiting this would be to limit the space available to students so their responses are concise or to sample the students and survey only a portion of them. Respondents may answer superficially especially if the questionnaire takes a long time to complete. The common mistake of asking too many questions should be avoided. Students may not be willing to answer the questions. They might not wish to reveal the information or they might think that they will not benefit from responding perhaps even be penalised by giving their real opinion. Students should be told why the information is being collected and how the results will be beneficial. They should be asked to reply honestly and told that if their response is negative this is just as useful as a more positive opinion. If possible the questionnaire should be anonymous. Some advantages of questionnaires: The responses are gathered in a standardised way, so questionnaires are more objective, certainly more so than interviews. Generally it is relatively quick to collect information using a questionnaire. However in some situations they can take a long time not only to design but also to apply and analyse (see disadvantages for more information). Potentially information can be collected from a large portion of a group. This potential is not often realised, as returns from questionnaires are usually low. However return rates can be dramatically improved if the questionnaire is delivered and responded to in class time.

Edna’s Self Discovery in Chopin’s The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening

Edna’s Self Discovery in Chopin’s The Awakening She was fond of her children in an uneven, impulsive way. She would sometimes gather them passionately to her heart; she would sometimes forget them. The year before they had spent part of the summer with their grandmother Pontellier in Iberville. Feeling secure regarding their happiness and welfare, she did not miss them except with an occasional intense longing. Their absence was a sort of relief, though she did not admit this, even to herself. It seemed to free her of a responsibility which she had blindly assumed and for which fate had not fitted her. (p. 40) Edna Pontellier is a child discovering her very sense of self. Her attitude toward her own children emphasizes the she is not the typical â€Å"mother-woman† (p. 29). This is one of the key elements in identifying Edna’s â€Å"awakening.† Unlike the other women, such as Madame Ratignolle, she has not accepted her role unquestionably. This passage is an insightful window into the beginnings of Edna’s new thoughts. Edna considers herself â€Å"fond of her children.† This statement alone is strange. Most mothers are enamored of their children, obsessed with their every movement. Even her fondness is considered â€Å"uneven† and â€Å"impulsive.† Edna, beginning to feel as a child herself, is noticing these traits within her. Edna speaks of the summer they spent away â€Å"with their grandmother...in Iberville.† Even in their extended absence she missed them only with â€Å"an occasional intense longing,† perhaps as someone might miss a city, or an old tattered stuffed toy. She seemed to feel towards them more as family, loved and missed, but not intensely as a mother would. Most striking in this passage are the last two sentences. It is in these phrases that Edna begins to demonstrate something important about herself. She feels â€Å"relief† when the children are gone. She feels â€Å"free† of the â€Å"responsibility.† One â€Å"which she had blindly assumed.† Edna had simply accepted the role of motherhood. It was expected, and so she had asked no questions. She is now realizing, however, that she feels this is a position in life â€Å"for which fate had not fitted her.

Finding the Exception Essay

â€Å"I remember riding my bike to school every day and seeing those two men working on their bicycles in their garage, little did I know that they would be the founders of the Trek Bicycle Corporation.† My mother told this to me a few months back when we were reminiscing on the good ol’ days. Waterloo, one of the smallest towns I have ever been too, is home to the success of French history. Its Trek bicycles are now the Tour de France winning frames that brought Lance Armstrong his victories and brought the midwest its spotlight on making the first American bike frames to win the world’s most prestigious bicycle race. By 1984, Trek was at its peak and sales were around $20,000 with approximately fifty thousand Treks being sold in the United States (Burke, 2012). However â€Å"Trek had grown arrogant, and the problems were starting to show† (Burke, 2012). Within business success lies problems and for this company the early years presented many because Trek did not like the bicycle retailers that they were dealing with, they had no brand strategy, and they had no money to advertise It seems that the most successful businesses start with the passion of at least one person. For Trek it was the vision of Richard Burke and Bevel Hogg. Burke was a former accountant that took interest in investments. Hogg was the owner of a Midwestern chain of bicycle stores. While Burke spent 15 years perfecting his business skills with Roth Corporation in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Hogg was growing tired of the retail business while keeping his heart with bicycles. Burke had a passion for outdoor recreation which drove him toward the bicycle market. During a meeting between the two men in 1975 when they sought to solve the issue of foreign made product. Their main competitor at the time was Schwinn bu this company dominated the specialty retail market but their bikes were Japanese made. Burke and Hogg wanted to sell American-made product for the same specialty. The company began as a five-person operation in a barn and is now a globally oriented company with distribution in 65 countries and over 1500 employees worldwide. What made the Trek bicycle so unique? Their mission was and still is simple, build the best bikes in the world. The frame sets were handmade from steel. The style was adopted from a European brazing style with its own American flavor. Tim Issac, an early frame engineer, said that a Trek bicycle could be identified without any paint on it. The company was blessed with the right designers and tolling infrastructure to use exactly the right materials to create such unique frame sets. The company had successfully found a way to distinguish itself. â€Å"In order to succeed, you cannot just sell any brand; you need to produce something special† (Burke, 2012, p. 4). Once this is established it’s time to settle on a distribution channel to ensure customers are being reached. At the time, Penn Cycle, outside of Minneapolis, Minnesota was Trek’s dealer. What attracted this dealer to Trek was that not only did this bicycle manufacturer provide lightweight, advanced bicycle s, but they were also made in the United States. Market shares were quickly gaining from the Japanese and European competitors and the company was gaining dealers from Madison to San Francisco and sales had grown to over $1,000,000. After expanding the facility to allow for assembly lines and paint factories, reshaping the entire business, the company was able to hire its first true sales representatives and there in lies its customer service foundation. In 1981, sales doubles and again in 1982. In 1983, the company was already building additions to the factory. The business growth inspired a movements on the West Coast in corporations like Gary Fisher. Then in 1985, sales were over $20,000,000 But, as with any fast lane growth, Trek was facing a net loss for the second year straight. The totals sales in 1984 did not meet expectations and quality control was lacking which angered retailers. The assembly line was built but   it seemed as thought the company didn’t know how to keep it moving forward. On top of that the turn over rate was lacking. John Burke, the son of Richard Burke, who worked for his fathers business remembers writing orders and them showing up at the customer two weeks later but yet having other orders written on prior sales call that still were not arriving to the customers (Burke, 2012, p. 10). The quality in the company was deteriorating. There were paint problems, frames were out of alignment, credits that were promised were not going through, etc. â€Å"I worked hard and sold a lot of product but the problems from the home office kept mounting† (Burke, 2012). Retailers were becoming more and more upset which pushed Trek even harder and the company was falling apart. Customer services makes or brakes a company in the retail world and Treks mission was to make every customer happy. It was up to their customer service department to bring this company back up and that is exactly what John Burke did. He knew that they needed to regain their focus, and that he needed to take a more active role in the companies day-to-day operations. A lot of options were being faced which included closing the operation and liquidating the business, sell the company, or turn it around. â€Å"We decided to roll up our sleeves and get it done (Burke, 2012). There is one method in business that seems to always prevail and that is the back-to-basics approach. Build a quality product, at a competitive value, that can be delivered on time while maintaining a positive work environment for customers and employees. Most importantly, deliver profit. The company first needed to start shipping orders on the same day. Cross training is always an excellent tool and this was a perfect opportunity for the business-suited employees to start putting their hand in on the factory work. The factory would get backed up and so the office workers would go into the warehouse and make sure that orders were fulfilled. Saturdays may seem like a day of rest for some but for Trek to succeed it had to require work on the weekends. Not only were deadlines met but lousy product needed to stop making it out the door. This truly shows the customer that their needs are  being met no matter what it takes. Organizational buying process is such an important business practice. With the many years of developed partnerships Trek has established, the company now has suppliers around the world that allow the fulfillment of demands of the product line. In the 1980’s, when Trek was struggling, they were overlooking one very important aspect of their customer relationships-what is the actual value of their product? They were not going to their buyers and simply asking if they could help them find a vendor based on the value they were proposing. One a vendor is found there is some research that is to be done as well. Does this vendor have good history? Who has worked with them in the past? Is there opportunity to save some money in the mean time? Reliable quality product is what businesses thrive on. Any product that is overpriced needs to be discontinued and new products need to be developed that hit the right price points. â€Å"When potential suppliers are identified, they’re evaluated on four criteria: quality, delivery, capability, price, and environmental impact of their production process† (Kerin, 2005). In an industry such as bicycle production, the operational approach to management is essential. This approach is dedicated to improving efficiency, cutting waste, and improving quality (Kreitner & Cassidy, 2011). By staying in line with business ethics, the manager of Trek would have put more energy into building better product so that it would support the challenges faced today such as limited mobility, issues with the environment, and now more than ever, issues with health. Essentially the bike must work well. If the name Trek is one it then there is quality behind it and this quality needs to be adhered to in the warehouse during production. At the time, Trek probably could not have seen that the bicycle would become the simple solution to all of these things but just as we embrace the availability of such innovation, managers of any business should be at least two steps ahead as to almost predict the future, therefore focusing on sustaining the reputable quality product that the company originated from. In 1988, Trek introduced the Model 1200 aluminum road bike. This was the turning point for the company. This was true quality at a very competitive price. The original dollar amount was $500. Originally the company planned to sell 3,000 of these models but at the end of the year 12,000 were sold. This is when a business needs to reevaluate its retail margin. What goals are being made to improve the amount of retailers and what is the target date? Buyer centers then need to help the company find vendors to find the right place to sell new product. New strategic visions for new models and components builds a better business. Trek was learning, slowly but surely, that they needed to look at their own processes, understand how they make their product, how they source their product, and how they will continue to bring their product to the market and maybe at the end of the day, saving a dollar or two. How could Trek build bicycles that last longer, maybe even use recycles tires. Every business has room for improvement. Business owners should always be looking for ways to bring new technology and solutions into the marketplace. By 1996 Trek was now over $300 million in sales. At this point in the time the company was expanded in Europe to include Japan. However, when there is sunshine expect rain and when there is rain expect for sun. After Trek ramped up their budgets by 20 percent in 1996, 20% more product was to be produced. Sales forecasts were starting to get missed which left inventory levels shooting through the roof. The company was yet again out of balance. There were more bikes in inventory than sales. Every year bicycle products are expected to change, therefore this high inventory of product needed to be discounted heavily in order for sales to continue. This only hurts profit margins. Basically what happened was that Trek grew too big too fast. Just about an hour away form Waterloo is the Whitewater Trek manufacturing plant. When this plant was first opened in 1995, the goal seemed to still be manufacturing low-price point bikes. â€Å"We got out of 1996 making a profit, but the future was no longer bright, and storm clouds were on the horizon† (Burke, 2012). Then numbers continued to look worse and worse as the years went on. Finally in 1998, Tim Callahan was hired on to Trek to take over manufacturing. He turned over Trek manufacturing that essentially saved the business, yet another time. The concept of Kaizen, Japanese for â€Å"continuous improvement† was used first to turn the Trek factories around. â€Å"In the gift-that-keeps-on-giving department, we took Kaizen to our dealer network and it has continued to make an amazing difference to this day† (Burke, 2012). Businesses to do not There was one other thing that added to Treks new found momentum in success. Trek signed a sponsorship deal with the US Postal Service to sponsor a bike team. Thanks to Lance Armstrong, who had a good group of riders, Trek appeared in the 1999 Tour de France. Lance’s winnings gave Trek the opportunity to show up on the front of Sports Illustrated and The New York Times, as well as on the Letterman show (Burke, 2012). Business was great until the year 2006. Production needed a facelift. How do you keep a product backed for years by consumers by maintaining its quality and reputation? For consumers of Trek bicycles, there is customer loyalty. Just like with Apple computer or Smart phones. Why such dedication from the customer? Trek figure out that to continue this relationship they would not only have to continue to build quality bicycles-the best in the world but they would provide their customers with quality products at competitive value that would be delivered on time. Just as with Apple computers, the product continues to prove itself in quality, never leaving the customer unsatisfied. IF there is a problem for whatever reason, dedication to customer sanctification shines the most by fixing whatever issue there may be in a timely fashion. When Senior Burke fired the management team and asked John to move back to Wisconsin to run Trek’s customer service department, he learned the value of maintaining relationships with retailers and customers.

Are we too dependent on computers? Essay

When we talk about computers, people often relate computers with modern technologies. Computer is a tool that helps us make things in our life easier. People use computers in business, public services, educations, even entertainment. Our daily activities are more and more based closely on the working of computer. Almost everything we do is affected by modern technology and computers. I would say that I agree that people nowadays depend on computers too much. Firstly, computers controlled cars, planes, ships and other vehicles, so that we can travel safely. Computer is the backbone of most institutions and colleges nowadays. Computer is a popular device among college students. Students get their assignments done using computer. It is convenient for them to search for information using computer or through online library rather than going to library. They save their files in the computer and use computer to make their presentation. Lecturers and students prefer to use computer to work on assignments if it relates to paper work. Moreover, there are plenty students use their computer to take courses and study online. Computer is a convenient device for students. Speaking of health systems, many hospitals and medical offices use computer to store all the patients’ data. It is easy to keep track and is accessible. Medical officer also store important works that are needed to be recorded and stored for health purpose in the computers. The use of computers is very important even in medical field. More and more hospitals use computers to store patients’ data instead of using paper. It will be messy and a lot of paperwork needed to be done if hospitals didn’t use computers. It will also pollute the environments that so many paper works needed to be stored. All the mental work that we need to do can be done by computer or calculator. It would be almost impossible to calculate a huge statistic data w ithout using a calculator. Computers play an important role in human life. Computers allow office workers to work from home too. Computers help us to keep in touch with friends or families that live too far away to visit. We are also exposed to information and knowledge. We can release our stress by playing the computer games when we come home from work or school. People have increasingly relied on computers nowadays. Moreover, people tend to become lazy to think with presence of computer and technology. Most people rely on computers too much will make them forget their own strengths. People are concerned that vital skills can be lost by next generations as computer technology slowly replaces the traditional ways of working. However, computer affects human health if human spend most of their time facing the computer. When we are asked whether we face the computer most of the time, most of us choose to deny or ignore it because we are scared to admit it. Denial or ignorance is a type of resistance. In a research, people are highly exposed to health risks as they spend most of their time sitting in front of the computers to get their work done. We will have eye pain and backache if we face the computer over a long period. We will also face tired eyes, dizziness and other symptoms. This will also affect other parts of our body, such as brain, neck and fingers. We should not deny or ignore these health symptoms as it could affect our life. Let’s imagine if one day, your computer breakdown, will your life in a mess? People work and do their jobs using computers. People save all their documents in their computers as they think that computer is the safest place to keep documents. Entrepreneurs run their business using computers. However, there is a possibility that the computer will breakdown. A serious chaos will happen. Once the computer system fails to operate, people really can’t do anything. People will just sit down and wait for the engineer to repair it. The business will also be affected. In serious scenario, the entrepreneurs will lose millions of business and money. Although it is said that people fall into the fallacy of slippery slope, break down of computer systems really happen in real life. For example in May 15, 2011, Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) experienced a breakdown in computer systems. The stock exchange came to a standstill for about 5 hours. Most of us also have the misconception that we are in control. Actually we are not. Nobody knows what is going to happen in the future. We can’t really control the computer systems but we can try our best to make sure that computer systems work smoothly. As far as I concerned, computer is a great invention and it is useful to human life. It should be impossible to live without computer as we get too much used of computers nowadays. However, we should use it wisely. We know the fact that the more we rely on computer, the more we will lose in our life. So, we should also find ways to make our dependence on computers less dangerous to us, so that we will not rely on computer completely.

Writing a Critical Essay on Hamlet

Writing a Critical Essay on Hamlet If you are an ardent fan of William Shakespeare’s literary works, you should not have problems writing a critical essay on Hamlet. Shakespeare’s plays are used as class readers in many schools across the world. Students particularly love acting the plays, since it gives them a better understanding of the central themes explored therein. An essay on Hamlet calls for prior comprehension of the plot of the play, the themes, motifs, and characters involved. You cannot simply begin writing the critical essay without first reading and re-reading the play in order to understand what role Hamlet plays. Similarly, you will need to recognize what Hamlet symbolizes in the play. Essentially, an essay on Hamlet will tackle the revenge as well as terrible attributes inhibited by the character named Hamlet. You cannot expect to get a good score on your essay if you fail to notice and mention that Hamlet was pursuing revenge in the whole course of the play. For a literature student, theme recognition should not be a problem. However, you should understand that your essay has the potential of reaching an audience that is not very conversant with themes. Therefore, before beginning to discuss the theme, it is vital to describe what it is about Hamlet that makes her the protagonist in the play. For example, provide a detailed exposition of the exciting facts as well as features that your reader might not know about Hamlet. By themselves, such features may not be enough to convince the reader that Hamlet is the leading character in the play. Given that your essay should be critical, you ought to describe the other characters who are participating in the play, and the way in which they relate with Hamlet. A better analysis of the play can be presented if the writer conducts further research. Many writers and authors have written various reviews about Shakespeare’s works. Each of the authors provides an evaluation of the works according to his or understanding. For example, if you are encountering challenges trying to understand the plot of the play, you can research and get a simplified summary of the plot and character analysis easily. This will enable you tow rite your critical essay easily, besides minimizing the possibility of making misleading conclusions that can earn you less marks. On the other hand, you can divert from the conventional essay-writing format and discuss the technique used in writing the play. Your instructor will most likely be amazed by this unique deviation, and will give you more credit for your creativity. If you elect to discuss this, you might also consider outlining what distinct elements Shakespeare has used in this particular piece, as opposed to other works. You can also conclude by giving your rating of the play, and suggesting any areas of deficiency that you may have noted in the play. For instance, you may highlight any misuse of rhetoric devices that you might have observed. You can order a custom critical essay online, at CustomWritings writing service. We provide students with high-quality custom essays written by professional writers.

Avoiding Stereotypes in Writing

Avoiding Stereotypes in Writing Avoiding Stereotypes in Writing Avoiding Stereotypes in Writing By Catherine Osborn It is easy to fall into the trap of using language that can be construed as racist or sexist. Here are a few tips to stay away from this type of writing. Avoid sexist language. When you know your audience varies, stay away from words that are gender specific. Use â€Å"their† instead of â€Å"his† or â€Å"anyone† instead of â€Å"a man†. You’d be surprised how many people take these sorts of things the wrong way. Avoid ethnic and racial stereotypes. You can be accurate without being biased. For example, it could be considered impolite to say Oriental; you should say Asian or better yet, the specific country such as Japanese, Korean, etc†¦. Be careful not to let religious stereotypes creep into your writing. Such as referring to a banker as Jewish, of course. This is too biased. Biases against age and sexual orientation are also frowned upon. In all these cases, it is best to well, use your best judgment. Avoid political bias and stereotypes in case you want your audienceTo read your content under a neutral point of view. This is especially important in business writing contexts. Research your facts and dont include statements you believe to be true just because the majority of people also believe so. Remember that people in different regions or countries might have a different understanding regarding what is considered sexiest or racist. When in doubt, scratch that. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:8 Proofreading Tips And TechniquesHow Verbs Become Adjectives

Bioterrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bioterrorism - Research Paper Example k of severe, unexplained acute respiratory disease now known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Spring of 1993, the nationwide foodborne salmonellosis outbreak caused by contaminated ice cream that accounted for an estimated 250,000 cases in the fall of 1994, and the increasing problems posed by antimicrobial-resistant organisms in community and health-care settings† (Hughes, 1999, par. 2). The article written by Tucker (1999) has revealed that most of the biological agent cases turned out to be hoaxes. As explicitly revealed, â€Å"of the terrorist attacks with biological agents, only one resulted in casualties: the use by the Rajneeshee cult in 1984 of Salmonella Typhimurium bacteria to contaminate restaurant salad bars in The Dalles, Oregon. This event caused 751 cases of food poisoning, none fatal† (Tucker: Conclusion, 1999, par. 1). Despite the differences in findings, the government has obviously been keen on evaluating, monitoring, and assuming a proactive stance in addressing terrorist attacks, especially involving biological agents (Hughes, 1999). According to the Homeland Security, a national biodefense program has been put into place to address threats of biological agents (Homeland Security, n.d.). It was therefore disclosed that as part of the intensified need to address threats of bioterrorism, the Homeland Security has been assigned to establish four pillars of the defense program, to wit: â€Å"Threat Awareness; Prevention and Protection; Surveillance and Detection; (and) Response and Recovery† (Homeland Security, n.d., p. 1). As part of the government’s public health policy, close coordination and collaboration with state and federal health agencies are encouraged, especially in examining potential biological threats. As emphasized, â€Å"intelligence analysts and biodefense experts at the National Biological Threat Characterization Center conduct studies and laboratory experiments, filling in information gaps to help us better understand and

Feminism and Pop Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Feminism and Pop Culture - Research Paper Example The title of the song speaks well of women’s independence. Females do not always need to depend on men to accomplish their daily tasks. Unlike the old days, womenfolk can be trusted to handle financial issues at home. It is not only the men who can analyze where funds go and how to make worthwhile investments. They have become more open-minded about what they are capable of, as well as braver in trying out the possibilities of their chosen pursuits. By the 20th century, women in many countries had gained the right to vote and advanced their status in politics and education. In the 1980s, there were already women doctors, lawyers, and engineers, though few in number as compared to men. In fact, according to Discovery, â€Å"over half of college graduates are women in 1986†. Many of them also pursued higher education in law, business, and medicine. In fact, the first lines are already poignant regarding how times have changed in treating the so called â€Å"fairer sex†. For instance, in the line, â€Å" so we’re comin’ out of the kitchen†, it means that those days where wives are just locked up at home doing household chores are already history. Indeed, a number of women nowadays are breadwinners along with their husbands. For some, their husbands are the ones in charge of household chores. In a report on comparing women and men’s salaries from 1980 to 1986, it was found out that although men, in general, had higher salaries, women were able to enjoy more frequent promotions and higher percentages of pay increase. (Gerhart and Milkovich 2). It further explained that one of the main causes for their income progress was high performance ratings. However, the reason why many of them could receive promotion was because most were employed in lower levels, thus, making the chances for elevation bi gger. On the other hand, this is related to a recent article which was just published last November 13, 2011, in Mail Online. It says, â€Å"one woman in five now earns more than her husband or boyfriend† (Barrow). The study suggests that the percentage of females having higher salaries as compared to their partners will continue to increase. Though this statistics is based on United Kingdom population, this reflects the worldwide shift that

SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATION AS SYSTEMS, LIFECYCLE OF Essay

SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATION AS SYSTEMS, LIFECYCLE OF LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example Situational leadership is an innovative leadership style that would be analyzed in relation to Richard Lesser who is the present CEO of BCG. Paul Hersey had developed the situational leadership theory and was initially known as Life Cycle theory of leadership. The most important concept behind this theory is that there is no such leadership style which can be considered to be perfect or adopted by an individual. A leadership style can be stated as effective if it is task relevant. Those leaders are successful who are able to adapt leadership style to degree of maturity of their team. This quality is well observed in Richard Lesser who is the CEO of Boston Consulting Group. Figure1 represents various components of situational leadership. The different leadership styles are categorized into four segments such as telling, selling, participating and delegating. S1 represents telling and in this form there is one way communication as the leader guides the team on what is to be done. S2 is selling which encompasses socio-emotional support and this form of two way communication enables team members to be fully indulged into the process. S3 represents participating behavior that highlights shared decision making and the focus is shifted from task oriented approach to relationship oriented approach. S4 is delegating behavior in which the entire responsibility is on the team members and the leader gets involved only in decision making process and monitoring overall progress. The type of leadership style would be totally depending on the maturity level and competencies of the team members. Richard Lesser has greatly exercised all the different styles that has been outlined in Figure 1. The newly appointed consultants of the g roup are in direct guidance of Richard Lesser. He believes to educate all the new joiners properly so that they can work in collaboration with experienced candidates of the

Communication Processes and Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Communication Processes and Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Introduction Communication is extremely important to organisations and individual alike. The effectiveness of the communication will directly relate to the success of the organisation and the achievements of the individuals within it. Communication in the retail industry is all important to survival and profitability. The successful retailer is constantly developing a network of communication channels to customers, distributors, financial institutions, the government and employees. Each of these groups is composed of people with differing interests and cannot be reached by the same communication channels. Similarly, employees need skills for a range of communication activities that are used a daily in the retail environment. These include written communication, verbal communication and an understanding of non-verbal communication. There is also an increasing need for retailers and staff to adopt and effectively use new communication technology such as integrated computer systems with functions su ch as e-mail, customer data bases and Internet information access. Because communication is a central factor in the emerging knowledge economy and a major consideration for anyone entering todays workforce, we need to look more closely at the total process of communication. Purposes of communication are the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another. The crucial element in this definition is meaning. Communication has as its central objective the transmission of meaning. The process of communication is successful only when the receiver understands an idea as the sender intended it. Both parties must agree not only on the information transmittee but also on the meaning of that information. Communication Process Sender Has Idea The process of communication begins when the person with whom the message originates the sender has an idea. The form of the idea will be influenced by complex factors surrounding the senders mood, frame of reference, background, culture, and physical makeup, as well we the context of the situation and many other factors. The way you greet people on campus or on the job, for example, depends a lot on how you feel, whom you are addressing (a classmate, a professor, a colleague, or your boss), and what your culture has trained you to say (Good morning, Hey, Hi, Howdy, or How ya doing?). The form of idea, whether a simple greeting or a complex idea, is shaped by assumptions based on the senders experiences. A manager sending an e-mail announcement to employees assumes that will be receptive, whereas direct-mail advertisers assume that receivers will give only a quick glance to their message. The ability to accurately predict how a message will affect its receiver and skill in adapting that message to its receiver are key factors in successful communication. Sender Encodes Idea in Message The next step in the communication process involves encoding. This means converting the idea into words or gestures that will convey meaning. A major problem in communicating any message verbally is that words have different meanings for different people. When misunderstood, skilled communicators choose familiar words with concrete meanings on which both senders and receivers agree. In selecting proper symbols, senders must be alert to the receivers communication skills, attitudes, background, experiences, and culture. Message Travels Over Channel The medium over which the message is physically transmitted is the channel. Messages may be delivered by computer, telephone, cell phone, letter, memorandum, report, announcement, picture, spoken word, fax, Web page, or through some other channel. Because communication channels deliver both verbal and nonverbal messages, senders must choose the channel and shape the message carefully. A company may use its annual report, for example, as a channel to deliver many messages to stockholders. The verbal message lies in the reports financial and organization news. Nonverbal messages, though, are conveyed by the reports appearance (showy versus bland), layout (ample white space versus tightly packed columns of print), and tone (conversational versus formal). Anything that interrupts the transmission of a message in the communication process is called noise. Channel noise rangers from static that disrupts a telephone conversation to typographical and spelling errors in a letter or e-mail message. Such errors damage the credibility of the sender. Channel noise might even include the annoyance a receiver feels when the sender chooses an improper medium for sending a message, such as announcing a loan rejection via postcard or firing an employee by e-mail. Receiver Decodes Message The individual for whom the message is intended is the receiver. Translating the message from its symbol form into meaning involves decoding. Only when the receiver understands the meaning intended by the sender that is, successfully decodes the message does communication take place. Such success, however, is difficult to achieve because no two people share the same life experiences and because many barriers can disrupt the process. Decoding can be disrupted internally by the receivers lack of attention to or bias against the sender. It can be disrupted externally by loud sounds or illegible words. Decoding can also be sidetracked by semantic obstacles, such as misunderstood words or emotional reactions to certain terms. A memo that refers to all the women in an office as girls or chicks, for example, may disturb its receivers so much that they fail to comprehend the total message. Feedback Travels to Sender The verbal and nonverbal responses of the receiver create feedback, a vital part of the communication process. Feedback helps the sender know that the message was received and understood. If, as a receiver, you hear the message Hoe are you, your feedback might consist of words (Im fine) or body language (a smile or a wave of the hand). Although the receiver may respond with additional feedback to the sender (thus creating a new act of communication), we will concentrate here on the initial message flowing to the receiver and the resulting feedback. Senders can encourage feedback by asking questions such as, Am I making myself clear? And is there anything you dont understand? Senders can further improve feedback by timing the delivery appropriately and by providing only as much information as the receiver can handle. Receivers can improve the process by paraphrasing the senders message with comments, such as, Let me try to explain that in my own words. The best feedback is descriptive rather than evaluate. For example, heres a descriptive response. I understand you want to launch a used gold ball business. Heres an evaluative response. Your business ideas are always goofy. An evaluative response is judgemental and doesnt tell the sender whether the receiver actually understood the message. Common forms of communication use in hospitality and tourism industry there are: Auditory communication Visual communication Tactile communication Multichannel communication Auditory communication is where messages are perceived through the sense of hearing. Words, music, sounds and noises take part in this type of communication. In the hospitality sector we can establish auditory communication through different media according to activity and objectives such as: direct conversation or face to face communication, phone conversation and radio broadcasting. Visual communication is where messages are perceived through sight. Sign, gesture and images are very important when communicating. There are different media such as, letters, complaint forms, contracts, invoices, labels and leaflets. Tactile communication is where messages are perceived through the sense of touch. Affection is conveyed through tactile sensations. Shaking hands or tapping someones shoulder can have positive or negative effects, so it is necessary to be very respectful in this matter and know cultural conventions. There are different mediums such as greetings at meetings and negotiations. Multichannel communication is where messages are perceived through different senses at a time. There are different media through which this is possible such as television, video and computer. Conclusion Managers need complete and correct information in order to perform their functions efficiently and effectively. If such information is not properly communicated, the whole organisation suffers from mismanagement. For instance, business planning, requires information on available resources, strength of competitors, government policies, and other external factors. Such information provides very important inputs for management to be able to formulate the right objectives and strategies for achieving its goal. Proper communication is again needed. Decision-making is a crucial function of management. It greatly depends on accurate information. Wrong information means wrong decisions; hence, the need for proper communication. Likewise, good communication is needed in controlling. However, it is in leading or directing where effective communication is most needed. People have to be influenced or motivated to think and move towards the right directions; to achieve peak performance; and to act in consonance with the culture of the organization. These clearly require a lot of communication. Managers do not only deal with their peers and subordinates, but also with customers, suppliers, and bankers. Their success in dealing with the said outsiders greatly depends on their ability to communicate. Customers are No.1 in any business organization. Without customers, there is no business. To create customers and satisfy them are certainly big jobs for communication. These require proper planning, organizing, and implementation of marketing strategies. All the said activities depend on effective communication. Introduction Motivation is to supply a motive to and also be the motive of. The willingness to exert high levels of effort to organisational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual needs. It is also to cause a person to act in a particular way. Stimulate the interest of a person in an activity. This definition is a good example of the problems associated with the concept of motivation. In essence, there seem to be two conflicting views of motivation. In one way, the definition indicates that motivation is where someone (perhaps a team leader) causes someone else (a team member) to act in a certain way. In other way, it appears that motivation is something that someone uses as a motive for doing things. This apparent conflict reflects an ongoing debate research into motivation. Traditional views of leadership and motivation reflected a passive view of motivation. In effect, people required strong leaders to motivate them towards certain goals. If someone says they are demotivated and we offer them a bag of cash or threaten to sack them, and then they get on with the task in hand, what has happened? This approach to motivation implies that the leader had to motivate his or her team member through various rewards and/or punishments. Motivation is described, usually, as intentional. That is, motivation is assumed to be under the workers control, and behaviours that are influenced by motivation, such as effort expended, are seen as choices of action. One can look at motivation as a deficiency, a need that must be fulfilled. Hunger is a motivation- it is an internal force, food. Before you can motivate your staff, you must first understand what motivates each employee in his or her specific job position. As a manager with human resources responsibilities it is easy to realize that differences exist between what motivates hourly and management employees. What makes a job interesting to a group of hourly employees is different from what makes a job interesting to a group of managers. Furthermore, what one employee may find interesting may not be of any interest to another employee. No matter what, there will be some jobs in the hospitality industry that just cannot be made interesting. There are some motivation theories that the organization must understand in order to motivate their employees to excel at their jobs. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Abraham identified the whys of motivation theory. His theory (Hierarchy of Needs) states that man is motivated by satisfying a set of needs common to all individuals. In ascending order of importance these are: Physiological needs (food, clothing, and shelter). Safety/security needs (freedom from fear of losing job, clothing and shelter). Acceptance needs (to belong and be accepted by others). Esteem needs (status, prestige, and power). Self-actualization needs (maximize ones potential). Maslow believed that until the physiological needs are satisfied, the other would not serve as motivators. Furthermore, once a need is met, it no longer acts as a motivator, and another need takes its place. One of the problems with Maslows theory is that although it works in life situations, it is not applicable to work settings. Hertzbergs two-factor theory identified job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction as separate elements that are not polar opposites of each other. The two-factor concept states that job factors generally regarded as motivators should actually be divided into two groups: one consisting of motivation factors (or satisfiers) and one consisting of maintenance factors (dissatisfies or hygiene). Because job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction do not balance each other out, the elimination of a dissatisfier does not necessarily lead to job satisfaction. Motivation factors include such conditions as recognition, achievement, advancement, and responsibility. Hygiene factors include working conditions, company policies, and salary. One of Hertzbergs major conclusions was that money was not a motivator. Hertzberg believes that if motivation factors are present in the workplace, employees will be motivated; if such factors are not present, then motivation will not occur. If hygiene factors are present, then employees will be satisfied with their work; if such factors are not present, then employees will be dissatisfied. Hygiene factors in no way affect motivation, whether they are present or absent. Expectancy theory is one of the more implementable motivation theories. The theory states that a person will be motivated when the individual perceives a link between what he or she is doing and the expected reward. The higher the effort, the greater the reward and vice versa. It is important that the reward is attainable and that your human resources will feel rewarded for the effort they produce. Pay-for-performance compensation systems operate on this principle. Fixed hourly wages and salaries do not motivate because there is no link between effort and reward. For the reward to operate as a motivator, the employee must value attainment of the reward, the employee must see a link between his or her work efforts and receiving the reward, and the individual must possess the abilities and skills to do the job. Money as a motivator, the motivational value of money may change after a persons basic needs have been reasonably well satisfied. Because human beings have a way of continually redefining their needs, whether money will motivate is to some degree a matter of the amount the employee is already earning. Therefore, while some people will be more motivated to work for money, companies find that for most employees other things are equally, if not more important. Job enrichment, Hertzberg proposed the idea of job enrichment as a reaction to the KITA (kick-in-the-ass) motivational approach there are most managers practicing. Job enrichment is based on that the only way to motivate employees is to give them challenging work in which they can assume responsibility. This strategy includes modifying jobs so that they are more meaningful and give the employee an opportunity for recognition and greater responsibility. Motivational effectiveness, there is no consensus on how best to motivate your work force. As a human resources manager, consideration needs to be given to several factors that involve human resources functions other than development. Selection procedures need to be effective so that individuals are places in job positions that they are capable of performing. Training programs must be effective in ensuring that our employees have the necessary skills, and evaluation procedures must be in place to monitor employees performance. Compensation practices needs to be developed that link performance and pay. Furthermore, these practices must all be viewed as fair; that poor performance is not tolerated, high performance is recognized. If your work force is to be motivated, they must believe that extra effort and superior performance is of benefit to them. Rewards do not have to be monetary. Flexible work hours, recognized achievement, increased responsibility, and the opportunity to develop personal and career goals work directly toward a motivated work force has to create desire, commitment, and confidence in your employees. Communication channels have to be open and organizational goals clearly defined. Conclusion There is always an interesting group of drives in every human being that determines how we interact with the world around us. The basic survival drives, like the need for food and water, are not as evident in the workplace as some of our other instincts-our need for activity, curiosity, and manipulation. People need to be active. The level of activity we seek differs tremendously, but, generally, people dislike being confined in a small space with nothing to do. People also have a drive to explore new and unknown places and stimuli. We have a preference for complexity over simplicity, because complexity is more interesting. We also have a tendency to enjoy manipulation; we want to touch, play with, and handle specific objects. These very basic needs have far-reaching implications for the design of jobs and of workplaces. No wonder boring, repetitive, or make-work jobs, even if they are easy, lead to burn out frustration, and even sabotage (just to liven things up.)